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	<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren</id>
	<title>Eigenwerte und Eigenzustände von hermiteschen Operatoren - Versionsgeschichte</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-21T04:34:44Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Versionsgeschichte dieser Seite in PhysikWiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1632&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>*&gt;SchuBot: Interpunktion, replaced: ! → ! (8), (  → ( (5)</title>
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		<updated>2010-09-12T22:40:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Interpunktion, replaced: ! → ! (8), (  → ( (5)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;de&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 13. September 2010, 00:40 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Zeile 18:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle :=\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle :=\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;So folgt aus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;So folgt aus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;dass&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;dass&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die schwarzsche Ungleichung sagt jedoch :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die schwarzsche Ungleichung sagt jedoch :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Zeile 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 41:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vergleiche Energie- Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vergleiche Energie- Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren können DISKRET oder KONTINUIERLICH sein !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren können DISKRET oder KONTINUIERLICH sein!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 2: Eigenzustände hermitescher Operatoren zu verschiedenen Eigenwerten sind orthogonal:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 2: Eigenzustände hermitescher Operatoren zu verschiedenen Eigenwerten sind orthogonal:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l71&quot;&gt;Zeile 71:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 71:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\Delta p\to 0  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\Delta p\to 0  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{matrix}\left| \bar{p},\Delta \bar{p} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{matrix}\left| \bar{p},\Delta \bar{p} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( vergleiche Fick, S. 114)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;(vergleiche Fick, S. 114)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;→ sogenannte Dirac- Zustände !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;→ sogenannte Dirac- Zustände!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Entartung &#039;&#039;&#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Entartung &#039;&#039;&#039;(Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l94&quot;&gt;Zeile 94:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 94:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Eigenzustand zum Operator&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Eigenzustand zum Operator&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;nicht entartet, so folgt&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle \tilde{\ }\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenzustand zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;nicht entartet, so folgt&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle \tilde{\ }\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenzustand zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entartet, so kann , explizit berechenbar durch Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierung, der Eigenraum E von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;zum Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;durch orthonormierte&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle \quad \beta =1,...,s&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;aufgespannt werden.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entartet, so kann, explizit berechenbar durch Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierung, der Eigenraum E von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;zum Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;durch orthonormierte&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle \quad \beta =1,...,s&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;aufgespannt werden.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dann kann der Eigenvektor&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entwickelt werden, gemäß&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}^{{}}{\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dann kann der Eigenvektor&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entwickelt werden, gemäß&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}^{{}}{\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Matrix&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}:=\left\langle  n\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =c{{*}_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist hermitesch, kann also durch eine unitäre Transformation U diagonalisiert werden:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Matrix&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}:=\left\langle  n\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =c{{*}_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist hermitesch, kann also durch eine unitäre Transformation U diagonalisiert werden:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\gamma  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\gamma  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}{{U}_{\beta \gamma \acute{\ }}}}={{\delta }_{\gamma \gamma \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( &quot; Drehung der Basis&quot;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}{{U}_{\beta \gamma \acute{\ }}}}={{\delta }_{\gamma \gamma \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;(&quot; Drehung der Basis&quot;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l105&quot;&gt;Zeile 105:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 105:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenvektor zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenvektor zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nebenbemerkung: Im Allgemeinen wird dadurch die Entartung aufgehoben !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nebenbemerkung: Im Allgemeinen wird dadurch die Entartung aufgehoben!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Leicht: Umkehrung:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Leicht: Umkehrung:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sei&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\{ \left| n \right\rangle  \right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ein vollständiges System von Eigenvektoren zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F},\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}{{G}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle ={{G}_{n}}{{F}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle =\hat{G}\hat{F}\left| n \right\rangle \Rightarrow \left[ \hat{F},\hat{G} \right]=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sei&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\{ \left| n \right\rangle  \right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ein vollständiges System von Eigenvektoren zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F},\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}{{G}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle ={{G}_{n}}{{F}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle =\hat{G}\hat{F}\left| n \right\rangle \Rightarrow \left[ \hat{F},\hat{G} \right]=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l116&quot;&gt;Zeile 116:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 116:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;folgt für beliebige&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Psi ,\Phi &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ }  |  \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi   |  \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;folgt für beliebige&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Psi ,\Phi &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ }  |  \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi   |  \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das heißt, das Skalarprodukt ist bei unitären Transformationen invariant. Umgekehrt: Will man nur Trafos zulassen, für die das Skalarprodukt invariant bleibt ( Erhaltung der Wahrscheinlichkeit), so sind dies die unitären !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das heißt, das Skalarprodukt ist bei unitären Transformationen invariant. Umgekehrt: Will man nur Trafos zulassen, für die das Skalarprodukt invariant bleibt (Erhaltung der Wahrscheinlichkeit), so sind dies die unitären!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Unitäre Operatoren transformieren das quantenmechanische System ganz grundsätzlich von einer Basis in eine andere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Unitäre Operatoren transformieren das quantenmechanische System ganz grundsätzlich von einer Basis in eine andere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;dabei dürfen sich natürlich Aufenthalts- und Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten ( die Skalarprodukte) nicht ändern&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;dabei dürfen sich natürlich Aufenthalts- und Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten (die Skalarprodukte) nicht ändern&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nur unitäre Transformationen sind erlaubt !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nur unitäre Transformationen sind erlaubt!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Insbesondere:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Insbesondere:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Transformationen in die Eigenbasis eines Operators&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;= Diagonalisierung von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Transformationen in die Eigenbasis eines Operators&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;= Diagonalisierung von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l128&quot;&gt;Zeile 128:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 128:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wobei letzte Relation natürlich nur gilt, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ,\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \in Eigenbasis&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{\Psi }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;als Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wobei letzte Relation natürlich nur gilt, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ,\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \in Eigenbasis&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{\Psi }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;als Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;diagonal !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;diagonal!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>*&gt;SchuBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1631&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>*&gt;SchuBot: Pfeile einfügen, replaced: -&gt; → →</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1631&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-09-12T20:03:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Pfeile einfügen, replaced: -&amp;gt; → →&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;de&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 12. September 2010, 22:03 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l72&quot;&gt;Zeile 72:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 72:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{matrix}\left| \bar{p},\Delta \bar{p} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{matrix}\left| \bar{p},\Delta \bar{p} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( vergleiche Fick, S. 114)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( vergleiche Fick, S. 114)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;sogenannte Dirac- Zustände !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;→ &lt;/ins&gt;sogenannte Dirac- Zustände !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Entartung &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Entartung &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>*&gt;SchuBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1630&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>*&gt;SchuBot: Einrückungen Mathematik</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1630&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-09-12T14:38:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Einrückungen Mathematik&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;de&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 12. September 2010, 16:38 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot;&gt;Zeile 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;einen scharfen Wert:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;einen scharfen Wert:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle {{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{3}}r\Psi *(\bar{r}){{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}}\Psi (\bar{r})=}\left\langle {{\left( \hat{F}-\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle  \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\left\langle {{{\hat{F}}}^{2}} \right\rangle -{{\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle }^{2}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle {{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{3}}r\Psi *(\bar{r}){{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}}\Psi (\bar{r})=}\left\langle {{\left( \hat{F}-\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle  \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\left\langle {{{\hat{F}}}^{2}} \right\rangle -{{\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle }^{2}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l14&quot;&gt;Zeile 14:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 14:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Für hermitesches F als physikalische Observable mit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Für hermitesches F als physikalische Observable mit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sei&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sei&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle :=\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle :=\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;So folgt aus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;So folgt aus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;, dass&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;, dass&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die schwarzsche Ungleichung sagt jedoch :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die schwarzsche Ungleichung sagt jedoch :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}\le {{\left\| \Phi  \right\|}^{2}}{{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}\le {{\left\| \Phi  \right\|}^{2}}{{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}}=1 \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}}=1 \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l29&quot;&gt;Zeile 29:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 29:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das Gleichheitszeichen gilt genau dann, wenn die Zustände parallel sind, also folgt:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das Gleichheitszeichen gilt genau dann, wenn die Zustände parallel sind, also folgt:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| \Phi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle \quad \alpha \in C \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| \Phi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle \quad \alpha \in C \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Leftrightarrow \hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Leftrightarrow \hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l36&quot;&gt;Zeile 36:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 36:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 1: Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren sind reell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 1: Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren sind reell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left\langle  \Psi   |  \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *=\alpha * \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left\langle  \Psi   |  \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *=\alpha * \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \alpha \in R \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \alpha \in R \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l44&quot;&gt;Zeile 44:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 44:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 2: Eigenzustände hermitescher Operatoren zu verschiedenen Eigenwerten sind orthogonal:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 2: Eigenzustände hermitescher Operatoren zu verschiedenen Eigenwerten sind orthogonal:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l56&quot;&gt;Zeile 56:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 56:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Da die Eigenwerte nach Voraussetzung verschieden sein sollen, gilt für die zugehörigen Eigenzustände:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Da die Eigenwerte nach Voraussetzung verschieden sein sollen, gilt für die zugehörigen Eigenzustände:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wegen der Normierung gilt:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wegen der Normierung gilt:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{n}} | {{\Psi }_{m}} \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{nm}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{n}} | {{\Psi }_{m}} \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{nm}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kontinuierlicher Fall:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kontinuierlicher Fall:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  F | F\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (F-F\acute{\ }) \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  F | F\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (F-F\acute{\ }) \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {\bar{r}} | \bar{r}\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (\bar{r}-\bar{r}\acute{\ }) \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {\bar{r}} | \bar{r}\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (\bar{r}-\bar{r}\acute{\ }) \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Zustände sind im kontinuierlichen Fall nicht normierbar, also nicht Element des Hilbertraumes. Sind aber als Limes einer diskreten Basis aufzufassen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Zustände sind im kontinuierlichen Fall nicht normierbar, also nicht Element des Hilbertraumes. Sind aber als Limes einer diskreten Basis aufzufassen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle \notin H \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle \notin H \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle :=\begin{matrix}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle :=\begin{matrix}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l75&quot;&gt;Zeile 75:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 75:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Entartung &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Entartung &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aus&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt bereits:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( {{F}_{n}}-{{F}_{m}} \right)\left\langle  m,\alpha   |  n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle =0\Rightarrow \left\langle  m,\alpha   |  n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aus&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt bereits:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( {{F}_{n}}-{{F}_{m}} \right)\left\langle  m,\alpha   |  n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle =0\Rightarrow \left\langle  m,\alpha   |  n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit also müssen nur die HAUPTQUANTENZAHLEN, wie man sagt, der Zustände gleich sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit also müssen nur die HAUPTQUANTENZAHLEN, wie man sagt, der Zustände gleich sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l83&quot;&gt;Zeile 83:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 83:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jedoch kann man im Unterraum der Entarteten Zustände Transformationen durchführen. Dies ist der Eigenraum zum Eigenwert Fn.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jedoch kann man im Unterraum der Entarteten Zustände Transformationen durchführen. Dies ist der Eigenraum zum Eigenwert Fn.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In diesem Eigenraum kann man die entarteten Zustände durch eine lineare Transformation in orthonormierte Eigenzustände&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;überführen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In diesem Eigenraum kann man die entarteten Zustände durch eine lineare Transformation in orthonormierte Eigenzustände&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;überführen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\alpha =1}^{{{\alpha }_{n}}}{\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle }{{c}_{\alpha \beta }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\alpha =1}^{{{\alpha }_{n}}}{\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle }{{c}_{\alpha \beta }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eine geeignete Trafo wäre beispielsweise das Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierungsverfahren:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eine geeignete Trafo wäre beispielsweise das Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierungsverfahren:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also gilt dann:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also gilt dann:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\beta   |  m,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}{{\delta }_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\beta   |  m,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}{{\delta }_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 3:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 3:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zwei hermitesche Operatoren&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;kommutieren genau dann, wenn sie ein gemeinsames System von Eigenvektoren besitzen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zwei hermitesche Operatoren&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;kommutieren genau dann, wenn sie ein gemeinsames System von Eigenvektoren besitzen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l97&quot;&gt;Zeile 97:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 97:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dann kann der Eigenvektor&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entwickelt werden, gemäß&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}^{{}}{\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Dann kann der Eigenvektor&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entwickelt werden, gemäß&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}^{{}}{\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Matrix&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}:=\left\langle  n\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =c{{*}_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist hermitesch, kann also durch eine unitäre Transformation U diagonalisiert werden:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Die Matrix&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}:=\left\langle  n\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =c{{*}_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist hermitesch, kann also durch eine unitäre Transformation U diagonalisiert werden:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\gamma  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\gamma  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}{{U}_{\beta \gamma \acute{\ }}}}={{\delta }_{\gamma \gamma \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( &amp;quot; Drehung der Basis&amp;quot;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}{{U}_{\beta \gamma \acute{\ }}}}={{\delta }_{\gamma \gamma \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( &amp;quot; Drehung der Basis&amp;quot;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}=\left\langle  n,\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle ={{G}_{n\beta }}{{\delta }_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}=\left\langle  n,\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle ={{G}_{n\beta }}{{\delta }_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}{\left| n,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle }{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}={{G}_{n\beta }}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}{\left| n,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle }{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}={{G}_{n\beta }}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l128&quot;&gt;Zeile 128:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 128:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wobei letzte Relation natürlich nur gilt, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ,\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \in Eigenbasis&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{\Psi }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;als Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wobei letzte Relation natürlich nur gilt, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ,\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \in Eigenbasis&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{\Psi }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;als Eigenwert&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;diagonal !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;diagonal !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>*&gt;SchuBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1629&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>*&gt;SchuBot am 11. September 2010 um 15:20 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1629&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-09-11T15:20:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;de&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 11. September 2010, 17:20 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l37&quot;&gt;Zeile 37:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 37:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left\langle  \Psi  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;\Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *=\alpha * \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left\langle  \Psi &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *=\alpha * \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \alpha \in R \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \alpha \in R \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l49&quot;&gt;Zeile 49:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right| \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right| \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left&lt;/del&gt;| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;{{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle *={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left&lt;/del&gt;| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle \quad falls\ \hat{F}={{{\hat{F}}}^{+}},{{F}_{2}}={{F}_{2}}* \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle *={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;{{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle \quad falls\ \hat{F}={{{\hat{F}}}^{+}},{{F}_{2}}={{F}_{2}}* \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}{{\Psi }_{2}} &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left&lt;/del&gt;| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}{{\Psi }_{2}} &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;{{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle -\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left( {{F}_{2}}-{{F}_{1}} \right)\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle -\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left( {{F}_{2}}-{{F}_{1}} \right)\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l77&quot;&gt;Zeile 77:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 77:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aus&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt bereits:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( {{F}_{n}}-{{F}_{m}} \right)\left\langle  m,\alpha  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle =0\Rightarrow \left\langle  m,\alpha  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aus&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt bereits:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( {{F}_{n}}-{{F}_{m}} \right)\left\langle  m,\alpha &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle =0\Rightarrow \left\langle  m,\alpha &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit also müssen nur die HAUPTQUANTENZAHLEN, wie man sagt, der Zustände gleich sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Somit also müssen nur die HAUPTQUANTENZAHLEN, wie man sagt, der Zustände gleich sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Möglich wäre&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\alpha  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle \ne 0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;für&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha \ne \alpha \acute{\ }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Möglich wäre&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\alpha &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle \ne 0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;für&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha \ne \alpha \acute{\ }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also müssen miteinander entartete Zustände eines bestimmten Hauptniveaus nicht orthogonal sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also müssen miteinander entartete Zustände eines bestimmten Hauptniveaus nicht orthogonal sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jedoch kann man im Unterraum der Entarteten Zustände Transformationen durchführen. Dies ist der Eigenraum zum Eigenwert Fn.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jedoch kann man im Unterraum der Entarteten Zustände Transformationen durchführen. Dies ist der Eigenraum zum Eigenwert Fn.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l86&quot;&gt;Zeile 86:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 86:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eine geeignete Trafo wäre beispielsweise das Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierungsverfahren:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eine geeignete Trafo wäre beispielsweise das Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierungsverfahren:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also gilt dann:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Also gilt dann:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\beta  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;m,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}{{\delta }_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\beta &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; m,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}{{\delta }_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 3:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 3:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zwei hermitesche Operatoren&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;kommutieren genau dann, wenn sie ein gemeinsames System von Eigenvektoren besitzen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zwei hermitesche Operatoren&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;kommutieren genau dann, wenn sie ein gemeinsames System von Eigenvektoren besitzen:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l115&quot;&gt;Zeile 115:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 115:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|:=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|:=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}} \\&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;folgt für beliebige&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Psi ,\Phi &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left&lt;/del&gt;| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi  &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\right|\left| &lt;/del&gt;\Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;folgt für beliebige&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Psi ,\Phi &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;\Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  | &lt;/ins&gt; \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das heißt, das Skalarprodukt ist bei unitären Transformationen invariant. Umgekehrt: Will man nur Trafos zulassen, für die das Skalarprodukt invariant bleibt ( Erhaltung der Wahrscheinlichkeit), so sind dies die unitären !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Das heißt, das Skalarprodukt ist bei unitären Transformationen invariant. Umgekehrt: Will man nur Trafos zulassen, für die das Skalarprodukt invariant bleibt ( Erhaltung der Wahrscheinlichkeit), so sind dies die unitären !&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Unitäre Operatoren transformieren das quantenmechanische System ganz grundsätzlich von einer Basis in eine andere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Unitäre Operatoren transformieren das quantenmechanische System ganz grundsätzlich von einer Basis in eine andere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>*&gt;SchuBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1628&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Schubotz am 9. September 2010 um 14:33 Uhr</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1628&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-09-09T14:33:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;de&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Nächstältere Version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version vom 9. September 2010, 16:33 Uhr&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Zeile 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Scripthinweis|Quantenmechanik|2|3}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;{{Scripthinweis|Quantenmechanik|2|3}}&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Schubotz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1627&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Schubotz: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „{{Scripthinweis|Quantenmechanik|2|3}}  Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand &lt;math&gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &lt;/math&gt; einen sc…“</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.physikerwelt.de/index.php?title=Eigenwerte_und_Eigenzust%C3%A4nde_von_hermiteschen_Operatoren&amp;diff=1627&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-08-24T15:12:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „{{Scripthinweis|Quantenmechanik|2|3}}  Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; einen sc…“&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neue Seite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Scripthinweis|Quantenmechanik|2|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Annahme: Eine physikalische Observable F habe in einem normierten Zustand&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
einen scharfen Wert:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle {{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{3}}r\Psi *(\bar{r}){{\left( \Delta \hat{F} \right)}^{2}}\Psi (\bar{r})=}\left\langle {{\left( \hat{F}-\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle  \right)}^{2}} \right\rangle =\left\langle {{{\hat{F}}}^{2}} \right\rangle -{{\left\langle {\hat{F}} \right\rangle }^{2}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; =\int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{3}}r\Psi *(\bar{r}){{\left( {\hat{F}} \right)}^{2}}\Psi (\bar{r})}-{{\left( \int_{{}}^{{}}{{{d}^{3}}r\Psi *(\bar{r})\hat{F}\Psi (\bar{r})} \right)}^{2}}=0 \\&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Für hermitesches F als physikalische Observable mit&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sei&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle :=\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \Leftrightarrow \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
So folgt aus&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
, dass&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{\hat{F}}^{2}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}{{\left| \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle }^{2}}={{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Die schwarzsche Ungleichung sagt jedoch :&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; {{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}\le {{\left\| \Phi  \right\|}^{2}}{{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; {{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}}=1 \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \Rightarrow {{\left\| \Phi  \right\|}^{2}}{{\left\| \Psi  \right\|}^{2}}={{\left\| \Phi  \right\|}^{2}}=\left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; {{\left| \left\langle  \Phi  | \Psi  \right\rangle  \right|}^{2}}\le \left\langle  \Phi  | \Phi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Das Gleichheitszeichen gilt genau dann, wenn die Zustände parallel sind, also folgt:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left| \Phi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle \quad \alpha \in C \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \Leftrightarrow \hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left| \Psi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Das heißt, für den normierten Zustand&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt alleine aus der Schwarzschen Ungleichung, dass&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Eigenzustand zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 1: Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren sind reell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha \left\langle  \Psi  \right|\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\alpha =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|{{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Psi  \right|\hat{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle *=\alpha * \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \alpha \in R \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vergleiche Energie- Eigenwert&lt;br /&gt;
Eigenwerte hermitescher Operatoren können DISKRET oder KONTINUIERLICH sein !&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 2: Eigenzustände hermitescher Operatoren zu verschiedenen Eigenwerten sind orthogonal:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \Rightarrow \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right| \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{1}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle *={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{1}} \right|\left| {{\Psi }_{2}} \right\rangle \quad falls\ \hat{F}={{{\hat{F}}}^{+}},{{F}_{2}}={{F}_{2}}* \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left\langle  {{{\hat{F}}}^{+}}{{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle ={{F}_{2}}\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle -\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} \right|\hat{F}\left| {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =\left( {{F}_{2}}-{{F}_{1}} \right)\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle  \\ &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Da die Eigenwerte nach Voraussetzung verschieden sein sollen, gilt für die zugehörigen Eigenzustände:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{2}} | {{\Psi }_{1}} \right\rangle =0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Wegen der Normierung gilt:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  {{\Psi }_{n}} | {{\Psi }_{m}} \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{nm}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kontinuierlicher Fall:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  F | F\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (F-F\acute{\ }) \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  {\bar{r}} | \bar{r}\acute{\ } \right\rangle =\delta (\bar{r}-\bar{r}\acute{\ }) \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Die Zustände sind im kontinuierlichen Fall nicht normierbar, also nicht Element des Hilbertraumes. Sind aber als Limes einer diskreten Basis aufzufassen:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle \notin H \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left| {\bar{p}} \right\rangle :=\begin{matrix}&lt;br /&gt;
\lim   \\&lt;br /&gt;
\Delta p\to 0  \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{matrix}\left| \bar{p},\Delta \bar{p} \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( vergleiche Fick, S. 114)&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;gt; sogenannte Dirac- Zustände !&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Entartung &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;( Unter Entartung versteht man, dass zum selben Eigenwert verschiedene Eigenzustände existieren)&lt;br /&gt;
Dadurch können beispielsweise verschiedene Elektronen den gleichen Energiewert annehmen oder verschiedene Teilchen mit der exakt identisch gleichen Energie auftreten !&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;n=0,1,2,3,...&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha =1,2,3,..,={{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, der sogenannte Entartungsindex. Man spricht von&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{\alpha }_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;- facher Entartung&lt;br /&gt;
Aus&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;folgt bereits:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( {{F}_{n}}-{{F}_{m}} \right)\left\langle  m,\alpha  \right|\left| n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle =0\Rightarrow \left\langle  m,\alpha  \right|\left| n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Somit also müssen nur die HAUPTQUANTENZAHLEN, wie man sagt, der Zustände gleich sein.&lt;br /&gt;
Möglich wäre&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\alpha  \right|\left| n,\alpha \acute{\ } \right\rangle \ne 0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;für&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\alpha \ne \alpha \acute{\ }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Also müssen miteinander entartete Zustände eines bestimmten Hauptniveaus nicht orthogonal sein.&lt;br /&gt;
Jedoch kann man im Unterraum der Entarteten Zustände Transformationen durchführen. Dies ist der Eigenraum zum Eigenwert Fn.&lt;br /&gt;
In diesem Eigenraum kann man die entarteten Zustände durch eine lineare Transformation in orthonormierte Eigenzustände&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;überführen:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\alpha =1}^{{{\alpha }_{n}}}{\left| n,\alpha  \right\rangle }{{c}_{\alpha \beta }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Eine geeignete Trafo wäre beispielsweise das Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierungsverfahren:&lt;br /&gt;
Also gilt dann:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  n,\beta  \right|\left| m,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle ={{\delta }_{mn}}{{\delta }_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Theorem 3:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Zwei hermitesche Operatoren&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;kommutieren genau dann, wenn sie ein gemeinsames System von Eigenvektoren besitzen:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Beweis:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sei&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left[ \hat{F},\hat{G} \right]=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;und&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\left| n \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Rightarrow \left[ \hat{F},\hat{G} \right]\left| n \right\rangle =\hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle -\hat{G}\hat{F}\left| n \right\rangle =\hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle -{{F}_{n}}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle =0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Rightarrow \hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;Eigenzustand zum Operator&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;nicht entartet, so folgt&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle \tilde{\ }\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenzustand zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entartet, so kann , explizit berechenbar durch Schmidtsche Orthogonalisierung, der Eigenraum E von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;zum Eigenwert&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{n}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;durch orthonormierte&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle \quad \beta =1,...,s&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;aufgespannt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
Dann kann der Eigenvektor&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;entwickelt werden, gemäß&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}^{{}}{\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Die Matrix&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}:=\left\langle  n\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =c{{*}_{\beta \beta \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ist hermitesch, kann also durch eine unitäre Transformation U diagonalisiert werden:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\gamma  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum\limits_{\beta }{{{U}_{\gamma \beta }}{{U}_{\beta \gamma \acute{\ }}}}={{\delta }_{\gamma \gamma \acute{\ }}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;( &amp;quot; Drehung der Basis&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
Somit&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; {{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}=\left\langle  n,\beta \acute{\ } \right|\hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle ={{G}_{n\beta }}{{\delta }_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \hat{G}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle =\sum\limits_{\beta \acute{\ }}{\left| n,\beta \acute{\ } \right\rangle }{{c}_{\beta \acute{\ }\beta }}={{G}_{n\beta }}\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Also ist&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| n,\beta  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;auch Eigenvektor zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nebenbemerkung: Im Allgemeinen wird dadurch die Entartung aufgehoben !&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Leicht: Umkehrung:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Sei&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\{ \left| n \right\rangle  \right\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;ein vollständiges System von Eigenvektoren zu&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F},\hat{G}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\hat{F}\hat{G}\left| n \right\rangle ={{F}_{n}}{{G}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle ={{G}_{n}}{{F}_{n}}\left| n \right\rangle =\hat{G}\hat{F}\left| n \right\rangle \Rightarrow \left[ \hat{F},\hat{G} \right]=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Definition&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Ein Operator&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;U:H\to H&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;heißt UNITÄR, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}U=U{{U}^{+}}=1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Daraus folgt:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}={{U}^{-1}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|:=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
folgt für beliebige&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\Psi ,\Phi &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|\left| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi  \right|\left| \Psi  \right\rangle &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Das heißt, das Skalarprodukt ist bei unitären Transformationen invariant. Umgekehrt: Will man nur Trafos zulassen, für die das Skalarprodukt invariant bleibt ( Erhaltung der Wahrscheinlichkeit), so sind dies die unitären !&lt;br /&gt;
Unitäre Operatoren transformieren das quantenmechanische System ganz grundsätzlich von einer Basis in eine andere.&lt;br /&gt;
dabei dürfen sich natürlich Aufenthalts- und Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten ( die Skalarprodukte) nicht ändern&lt;br /&gt;
Nur unitäre Transformationen sind erlaubt !&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Insbesondere:&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Transformationen in die Eigenbasis eines Operators&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;= Diagonalisierung von&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }\left| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle :=\left\langle  \Phi  \right|{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U\left| \Psi  \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left| \Psi  \right\rangle ={{U}^{+}}\left| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle  \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; {{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; \left\langle  \Phi \acute{\ } \right|\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }\left| \Psi \acute{\ } \right\rangle =\left\langle  \Phi  \right|\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ={{F}_{\Psi }}{{\delta }_{\Psi \Phi }} \\&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Wobei letzte Relation natürlich nur gilt, falls&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left| \Psi  \right\rangle ,\left| \Phi  \right\rangle \in Eigenbasis&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;mit&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{F}_{\Psi }}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;als Eigenwert&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;{{U}^{+}}\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}\acute{\ }U=\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{F}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;diagonal !&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Schubotz</name></author>
	</entry>
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